An entity accredited by the JISC, which is responsible for the determination of whether a project and the ensuing reductions of anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancements of anthropogenic removals by sinks meet the relevant requirements of Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol and the JI guidelines.

As required under Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol, the COP11/MOP1 initiated a process of Ad-Hoc Working Group establishment to develop further commitments for Annex I countries for the period after the first round of Kyoto emission targets expire (2012).

Under the Kyoto Protocol, certificates from JI and the CDM (see explanations below) will be awarded only to project-based activities where emissions reductions are "additional to those that otherwise would occur". The issue has to be elaborated further by the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, and on the basis of practical experiences.

Afforestation and reforestation (A/R) projects imply to establish forest on land that has not been forested for a period of at least 50 years (afforestation) or on non-forested land (reforestation) through planting, seeding and/or the promotion of natural seed sources.

Allocation of emissions permits or allowances among greenhouse gas emitters to establish an emission trading market. The division of permits/allowances can be done through grandfathering method and permit auctioning.

Annex B countries are the 39 emissions-capped countries listed in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol.

Annex II of the UNFCCC includes all original OECD member countries plus the European Union.

International non-treaty agreement among Australia, India, Japan, the People's Republic of China, South Korea, and the United States was announced July 28, 2005 at an Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum meeting. The Partnership will focus on investment and trade in cleaner energy technologies, goods and services in key market sectors.